A group of friends and I recently completed a deep dive into the New Testament, exploring the Gospels (New Testament: Gospel Journey with Matthew, Mark, Luke, John) and diving into the letters from the Apostles. For an engaging overview of each book, check out the Letters from the Apostles, Bible Project Playlist. Writing this has been quite a journey—it’s one of the longest pieces I’ve tackled. I wrestled with challenging texts like Romans, Galatians, and Colossians, navigating theological debate between reformed theology, Torah observance, and mainstream Christianity on the balance of law versus grace. Some say the teachings of Paul are complex, but every word is God-breathed. Throughout, I held onto two truths: (1) I’m thankful for salvation by grace through faith and (2) This is what it means to work out salvation with fear and trembling. Some passages even spark debates among Biblical scholars. In aiming for brevity, I’ve shared personal growth, key concepts, and takeaways. Please reach out with any insights or corrections as we continue learning together. I encourage you to dive into the Word, seek wisdom through prayer, find a church that upholds sound doctrine, and consult your pastor for guidance.

Letters from the Apostles

The group read through the New Testament using the chronological plan from the Bible Recap. This approach often involved jumping back and forth between letters and other parts of the Bible to reflect the actual sequence of events. While it was interesting to follow Paul’s journey sequentially and see the overlap of events, it could also be confusing to shift focus between different letters. For example, even though Romans is the first letter after Acts, the chronological plan moved into the book of James midway through Acts, then to Galatians, back to Acts, and then to Thessalonians. For clarity, the books are listed in the canonical order of the Biblical scriptures in this article. There are a total of 13 letters from the Apostles. Romans is the longest and Philemon is the shortest. Traditionally, it was thought that all thirteen of the Letters from the Apostles were the writings of Paul. However, some New Testament Scholars believe that six of the letters (Ephesians, Colossians, 2 Thessalonians, 1 and 2 Timothy, and Titus) are written by Paul’s unnamed companions. For example, specific issues such as the length and structure of the letter to the Ephesians is stylistically different than that of Paul’s writing. The undisputed letters of Paul are: Galatians, Romans, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Philemon, Philippians, and 1 Thessalonians. 

The Apostolic letters in the New Testament cover a wide range of topics and themes:

• Romans provides a comprehensive theological framework, addressing concepts such as sin, salvation, and faith.
• 1 and 2 Corinthians address issues within the early Christian community, including divisions, immorality, and spiritual gifts.
• Galatians emphasizes freedom in Christ and the relationship between faith and the law.
• Ephesians focuses on the unity of the church and the spiritual armor of God.
• Philippians exudes joy and emphasizes the believer’s mindset and contentment.
• Colossians exalts Christ’s supremacy and addresses false teachings.
• 1 and 2 Thessalonians discuss the second coming of Christ and encourage believers to live in readiness.
• The Pastoral letters (1 and 2 Timothy, Titus) provide guidance for church leadership, addressing qualifications for leaders, church order, and sound doctrine.
• Philemon is a personal letter addressing the issue of a runaway slave, emphasizing forgiveness and reconciliation.

Each letter offers distinctive insights into the early Christian faith and provides valuable guidance for Christian living and community.

Romans

Romans: An Overview

Romans is a cornerstone of the Bible, offering a thorough presentation of the Christian faith. It covers themes like salvation, faith, grace, and righteousness, emphasizing the necessity of salvation and the power of the gospel. It also explores the relationship between Jews and Gentiles, the role of the law, and God’s sovereignty. This book is crucial for understanding Christianity’s core tenets and has greatly influenced Christian theology throughout history. After Emperor Claudius expelled Jews from Rome and later allowed them to return, divisions arose over issues like the Sabbath, kosher foods, and circumcision. Paul seeks to unify believers through his letters and offers a comprehensive view of Jesus’ life, death, and resurrection as a fulfillment of the prophecies.

Romans 1: The Universality of Sin

Paul explains that all nations (Jews and Gentiles) are trapped in a cycle of sin, selfishness, and idolatry, worshipping created things rather than our Creator. Humanity stands guilty before our righteous judge. Jesus took on our guilty verdict and suffered its consequences. He is our rescuer and redeemer, and His redemption is based on a covenant of faith, just as it was with Abraham, rather than on our works. Gentiles received grace to bring about the obedience of faith. The righteous live by faith, but God’s wrath will be revealed to the unrighteous.

In Paul’s letters, it’s clear that the people in Rome exchanged righteousness for unrighteousness, a description that parallels aspects of modern society. For example, the worship of Baal, symbolized by the golden calf (Exodus 31-32), can be likened to the worship of money, symbolized by the Bull of Wall Street. Similarly, American society is marked by issues such as abortion, seen as modern-day child sacrifice, and a turn towards passionate lusts, including trading natural relations for unnatural ones (LGBTQ+2IA).

Romans 1:28-32 describes this in stark terms: “And just as they did not see fit to acknowledge God any longer, God gave them over to a depraved mind, to do those things which are not proper, being filled with all unrighteousness, wickedness, greed, evil; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, malice; they are gossips, slanderers, haters of God, insolent, arrogant, boastful, inventors of evil, disobedient to parents, without understanding, untrustworthy, unloving, unmerciful; and although they know the ordinance of God, that those who practice such things are worthy of death, they not only do the same but also give hearty approval to those who practice them.”

Romans 2-3: Judgment and Justification

Paul addresses several key points:

• It is hypocritical to judge others when we also struggle with sin.
• We must be doers of the law, not just hearers.
• Gentiles, who do not have the law, naturally obey what is written in the law, showing it is written on their hearts.

Though no one is perfect and all fall short of the glory of God, Paul’s message in Romans is a strong indictment against those Orthodox Jews who justified themselves under the law. They are like whitewashed tombs, Pharisees, as Jesus addressed in the gospels. We are justified by our faith in Jesus Christ, who is the propitiation for our sins. Just as God instructed the Israelites to cover their doorposts in blood so He might pass over and spare them, our faith today marks us with the blood of Jesus. He is our Passover (Romans 3:25). This is why the Passover is significant to believers.

In light of all this, Paul asks rhetorically, “Do we then nullify the law through faith? May it never be! On the contrary, we establish the law” (Romans 3:31). This brings clarity to the question of how people before Jesus were saved: just as Abraham’s faith in God was credited to him as righteousness, people have always been saved by faith.

Romans 5-7: Hope, Law, and Grace

Paul emphasizes hope and the love of God poured out through the Holy Spirit: “And hope does not disappoint, because the love of God has been poured out within our hearts through the Holy Spirit who was given to us” (Romans 5:5). The law reveals what sin is, making us aware of right and wrong. While we are no longer “under the law”—meaning we are not judged to wrath because of it—we are freed by grace to pursue righteousness. “What then? Shall we sin because we are not under law but under grace? May it never be!” (Romans 6:15).

We are justified by our faith and sanctified by the pursuit of righteousness. “And having been freed from sin, you became slaves of righteousness” (Romans 6:18). Simply put, we’re either slaves to sin or slaves to righteousness. “So then, the law is holy, and the commandment is holy and righteous and good” (Romans 7:12).

Unlike the Pharisaical adherence to the letter of the law, including all the additional rules they established to avoid breaking it, we serve the Spirit of the law. “But now we have been released from the law, having died to that by which we were bound, so that we serve in newness of the Spirit and not in oldness of the letter” (Romans 7:6). From the end of this section of Paul’s letter (Romans 7), we understand there is a spiritual battle between the holy and the unholy, righteousness and sin.

Romans 8-10: Life in the Spirit and God’s Sovereignty

The conviction of the Holy Spirit is crucial, but Romans 8:1 reminds us that there is no condemnation for those in Christ Jesus. He condemned sin in the flesh so that the requirements of the law might be fulfilled. “Because the mind set on the flesh is hostile toward God; for it does not subject itself to the law of God, for it is not even able to do so, and those who are in the flesh cannot please God” (Romans 8:7-8).

Romans 8:28-30 uses terms like “called,” “foreknew,” and “predestined,” often cited in support of Calvinist theology. “He has mercy on whom He desires, and He hardens whom He desires” (Romans 9:18). Romans 9 reminds us that God still has a future plan to redeem Jewish Israelites—the remnant that will receive Him. He is working with the Gentiles to provoke the Jews to jealousy (Romans 10:19). Right now, He is bringing Gentile converts into the fold, showing that Gentiles who are not “under the law” received righteousness, while the Jews who are “under the law” have not. It is by faith that anyone receives Him. The law does not produce righteousness; our faith in Christ does.

Romans 10 emphasizes the importance of evangelism: “How then will they call on Him in whom they have not believed? How will they believe in Him whom they have not heard? And how will they hear without a preacher? How will they preach unless they are sent? Just as it is written, ‘How beautiful are the feet of those who bring good news of good things!’” (Romans 10:14-15).

Romans 11-13: God’s Plan and Christian Conduct

God foreknows and is sovereign, using even bad things to work together for good according to His divine will. The FaithLife Study Bible summarizes Romans 11:13–24, where Paul argues that Israel’s rejection of Jesus as Messiah ultimately leads to reconciliation between God and the entire world. He reasons that if the Jews’ rejection produces such a redemptive effect, their acceptance of Jesus would bring even greater blessing.

Romans 13 emphasizes being subject to governance, which can be challenging, especially when the government is corrupt. Love is reiterated as the ultimate fulfillment of the law.

Romans 14: Respect for Conscience

Paul discusses how believers should treat each other with respect and not pass judgment on disputable matters—non-sinful acts that are matters of personal conscience. “One person has faith that he may eat all things, but he who is weak eats vegetables only” (Romans 14:2).

Paul instructs, “The one who eats is not to regard with contempt the one who does not eat, and the one who does not eat is not to judge the one who eats, for God has accepted him. Who are you to judge the servant of another? To his own master he stands or falls; and he will stand, for the Lord is able to make him stand” (Romans 14:3-4).

Romans 15-16: Final Exhortations and Greetings

Romans 15:4 shows us that what was written in the Old Testament is useful for Christian teaching. Romans 16 delves into women in ministry. According to FaithLife Study Bible, Phoebe was possibly a wealthy Gentile Christian who delivered Paul’s letter to the Romans. Paul uses the Greek word diakonos here, suggesting that Phoebe may have held the office of deaconess in the church at Cenchrea. The office of “elder” originated in the Jewish synagogue, but the office of “deacon” originated in the early church.

We also see husband and wife teams at work, such as Prisca and Aquila, and Andronicus and Junia. Paul gives a stern warning about false prophets, urging believers to keep an eye on those who cause dissensions and hindrances contrary to the teaching they have learned.

1 and 2 Corinthians

Chronologically, we transitioned from Thessalonians to Corinthians. In comparison to Paul’s address to the Thessalonians, Corinthians is far more extensive and rich in instruction. Therefore, I will thoroughly break down the sections.

1 Corinthians: Issues in the Early Christian Community

1 Corinthians addresses various issues in the early Christian community in Corinth. Paul urges unity in the church, emphasizing the centrality of Christ crucified. He tackles sexual immorality, calling for strict church discipline. Paul also advises on matters of conscience, like eating food sacrificed to idols, and highlights the importance of love in using spiritual gifts.

The letter discusses proper worship practices, including the role of women and the Lord’s Supper. Paul underscores the necessity of believing in the resurrection of Christ, which assures believers of their future resurrection. Finally, he encourages generous giving to support fellow believers.

Unity and Division in the Church

The letter to the Corinthians starts off sounding like it could be a letter to churches in America, with all our divisions and favoring of one teacher over another. Paul writes, “For indeed Jews ask for signs and Greeks search for wisdom; but we preach Christ crucified, to Jews a stumbling block and to Gentiles foolishness, but to those who are the called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God” (1 Corinthians 1:22-24). This reminds me of how Charismatics/Pentecostals look for signs and the Reformed and Greek Orthodox seek wisdom, often arguing over who has the “right” theology. These scriptures powerfully remind us that what matters is Christ crucified. Our faith should rest not in the wisdom of men, but in the power of God. I also love the message of the power of the Holy Spirit!

Sexual Immorality and Church Discipline

The Bible Project summary on Corinthians highlights the rampant sexual sin within the Corinthian church. One man was involved with his stepmother, among other acts of immorality. Such acts should have led to mourning and repentance, resulting in church discipline, but they were widespread. This reminds me of a recent conversation about a college where 75% of pastoral ministry students were engaged in pornography. Looking at the culture of sexual immorality in America, even within our churches, it’s clear that this letter could have been written to us!

Paul states, “I have decided to deliver such a one to Satan for the destruction of his flesh, so that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord Jesus” (1 Corinthians 5:5). This refers to church discipline, specifically expulsion from the community, including worship gatherings, meals, and the Lord’s Supper. This practice is still observed by the Amish. When John Piper expelled his son, Abraham Piper, from the church after many unrepentant transgressions, he faced significant backlash. Paul also instructs, “But actually, I wrote to you not to associate with any so-called brother if he is an immoral person, or covetous, or an idolater, or a reviler, or a drunkard, or a swindler—not even to eat with such a one” (1 Corinthians 5:11). Unrepentant, unrighteous people will not inherit the Kingdom of Heaven. That’s serious.

Sin and Sexual Immorality

1 Corinthians 6 has me questioning whether all sin is really equal. I often hear that all sin is the same in God’s eyes, but based on scripture, sexual immorality seems to be held to a higher standard as it is a sin against the body, the temple of the Holy Spirit. Every other sin is committed outside the body.

Food Sacrificed to Idols

1 Corinthians 8 discusses food sacrificed to idols. According to Paul, we should honor our brothers and sisters who have conscientious objections. It’s interesting that while society accommodates dietary preferences like gluten-free or vegan, biblical objections often face resistance.

Humility and Preaching

Paul exemplifies humility. Although he and Barnabas had the right to be provided for, they did not demand it. Paul shows that preachers should want to preach from pure motives, regardless of money, and believers should want to give to support them. The New Testament often references the Old Testament. 1 Corinthians 10:11 says, “Now these things happened to them as an example, but they were written down for our instruction, on whom the end of the ages has come.”

The Israelites had Moses, miracles, and provision, while the Jews and Gentiles had Jesus and instruction, yet they all struggled. It seems we are like Israel 2.0. Despite having the Word of God and more access to Scripture than ever, fewer people believe. Jesus said, “Blessed are those who have not seen and still believe” (John 20:29), emphasizing the importance of faith.

Proper Corporate Worship

According to the Faithlife Study Bible, the Corinthians struggled with proper corporate worship: women not wearing head coverings, improper observance of the Lord’s Supper, and misuse of spiritual gifts. I’ve gone back and forth on the head coverings passage. It seems like a directive that didn’t withstand cultural changes. Head coverings were common until the 1940s. Mike Winger’s six-hour episode on head coverings concludes that it had a deeper meaning for that culture, akin to a wedding ring, something lost in our culture today. For more, consider: A Journey into Modest Fashion: Exploring its History, Evolution, and Resurgence

Spiritual Gifts: Tongues and Prophecy

Paul discusses spiritual gifts, including tongues and prophecy. If these gifts have ceased (cessationism), why does Paul teach about them? If they continue (continuationism), how do they manifest today, especially tongues? If tongues are simply known languages, why is the interpretation of tongues considered a gift? 1 Corinthians 13:12 says, “For now we see in a mirror dimly, but then face to face. Now I know in part; then I shall know fully, even as I have been fully known.” Love is paramount. Without love, other gifts are meaningless.

Belief in the Resurrection

Believing in Christ’s resurrection is critical. If He did not rise, our faith is meaningless. These passages make me wonder whether believers go straight to heaven or are resurrected at Christ’s second coming. Jesus told the thief on the cross they’d be in paradise “today,” and 2 Corinthians 5:6-8 says to be away from the body is to be present with the Lord. Yet other passages refer to bodily resurrection at Jesus’s return. GotQuestions states that believers’ souls immediately go to heaven, and their physical bodies await Christ’s return. Not everyone will taste death; some will be alive at Christ’s return. It’s hard to imagine being alive and seeing the dead resurrected, giving a different image than the “Left Behind” portrayal of piles of clothes. It will happen quickly. Verses like 1 Corinthians 15:51-52 help me understand the importance of the feast of trumpets: “Behold! I tell you a mystery. We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised imperishable, and we shall be changed.”

Generous Giving

In 1 Corinthians 16, Paul instructs the church to collect for the saints. The New Testament emphasizes cheerful giving, collections for the saints, and caring for orphans and widows, but does not command tithing. So, why is tithing from Malachi is still preached in churches if it was a levitical tithe and isn’t repeated in the New Testament?

Tara-Leigh Cobble in the Bible Recap states that we should not build doctrines around unclear scriptures. This reminds me of the saying, “Don’t scream where scripture whispers. Know God, not all the answers.”

2 Corinthians: Addressing Ongoing Concerns

According to the Bible Project video, Paul wrote 1 Corinthians to confront issues in the Corinthian church, continuing a dialogue that began in Acts. By 2 Corinthians, Paul had already sent multiple letters addressing similar concerns. Some believers had repented, while others had persisted in their transgressions. The issues Paul discusses remain relevant today.

Old Covenant vs. New Covenant

In 2 Corinthians, Paul delves into the distinctions between the “old covenant” and the “new covenant.” He explains that under the new covenant, the law is written on our hearts. Those under the obligation of Mosaic law for salvation still read as if they are veiled, adhering to a system of legalism and works. In contrast, the new covenant offers freedom from the law’s legalistic bondage, emphasizing obedience to the spirit or intent of the law.

The FaithLife Study Bible explains: “If the old covenant, characterized by death and condemnation, came with glory, how much more does the new covenant, characterized by the Spirit and righteousness, reveal God’s glory?” (2 Corinthians 3:9). As Paul writes, “We all, with unveiled faces, beholding as in a mirror the glory of the Lord, are being transformed into the same image from glory to glory, just as from the Lord, the Spirit” (2 Corinthians 3:18).

The Holy Spirit and Transformation

Throughout the New Testament, after Jesus departed, we see the Holy Spirit given to believers. “Now He who prepared us for this very purpose is God, who gave to us the Spirit as a pledge” (2 Corinthians 5:5). Despite this, there seems to be much disagreement among believers who have the Holy Spirit, a conflict evident even among the earliest followers of Jesus.

The Judgment Seat of Christ

In our grace-filled Christian culture, the word “fear” is often synonymous with respect, but the Bible stresses its importance. We all will face final judgment for our deeds, and the importance of fearing the Lord is emphasized. The Amplified Bible breaks this down well, explaining that we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ.

“For we [believers will be called to account and] must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, so that each one may be repaid for what has been done in the body, whether good or bad [that is, each will be held responsible for his actions, purposes, goals, motives—the use or misuse of his time, opportunities and abilities]. Therefore, since we know the fear of the Lord [and understand the importance of obedience and worship], we persuade people [to be reconciled to Him]. But we are plainly known to God [He knows everything about us]; and I hope that we are plainly known also in your consciences [your God-given discernment]. (2 Corinthians 5:10-11 AMP).

Separation from Unbelievers

2 Corinthians 6:14-18 advises against being bound with unbelievers, asking what fellowship righteousness has with lawlessness, or light with darkness. Paul exhorts believers to be separate and cleanse themselves from all defilement (2 Corinthians 7:1). This echoes Levitical language.

Cheerful Giving and Mutual Support

Paul also discusses giving to ensure equality among believers. He encourages cheerful giving, not as a command but as a principle for mutual support. If all believers gave generously, we could reduce the disparity between the wealthy and those in poverty. This contrasts sharply with the often legalistic approach to tithing seen in some churches today, where rigid mandates can overshadow the spirit of generous giving. For more, consider: Giving & Tithing: Does the Bible command Christians to tithe? – GotQuestions.org

Paul’s Concern for the Church and Warning Against False Teachers

In 2 Corinthians 11, Paul shows his deep care for the church. He desires to present them as pure to Christ and warns against false teachers who masquerade as apostles. These false apostles were known, serving members of the church who misled believers for their own benefit. Paul contrasts his genuine service, marked by suffering and signs of apostleship, with the deceitful actions of these “super-apostles.”

The Thorn in Paul’s Flesh

Paul had a vision where he was caught up to heaven. To keep him humble, God allowed a thorn in Paul’s flesh. This thorn remains intentionally vague, symbolizing various possible struggles in Paul’s life. Paul asked God to remove the thorn, but God replied, “My grace is sufficient for you, for power is perfected in weakness” (2 Corinthians 12:9).

Galatians:

Chronologically, the book of Galatians takes place at the tail end of Acts, between the letters to the Thessalonians. The Pharisaical Messianic Jews disrupted the Gentile converts by elevating traditions to doctrinal status, imposing the requirement for Gentile Christians to adhere to Jewish customs and laws for salvation. To gain acceptance from the Jewish community, the Gentile converts were given a list of minimum rules from the Jerusalem council. However, this was more about cultural acceptance, as Jesus had already established salvation through faith.

No Other Gospel

Galatians 1:9 states, “If any man is preaching to you a gospel contrary to what you received, he is to be accursed.” This indicates that any addition to or deviation from the gospel, such as the Pharisees’ insistence on observing Jewish laws and customs, constitutes the “other gospel” referenced here. Galatians 2 states that Titus, who was Greek, was not compelled to become circumcised and was accepted.

Unity in the Gospel

Just as the Spirit of God worked through Peter to preach the gospel to the circumcised, the gospel was entrusted to Paul to preach to the uncircumcised. Both groups were accepted by God on the basis of faith. Cephas, another name for Simon Peter, began to practice table fellowship with Gentile believers, but when Jewish men came along, he stopped eating with the Gentiles, and Barnabas fell into the hypocrisy as well. Paul called him out.

Justification by Faith

A key takeaway from Galatians 3 is that we are not justified by the law. Salvation doesn’t come through the law but through faith in Jesus because we all stumble in the law. “Now that no one is justified by the Law before God is evident; for, ‘The righteous man shall live by faith.’” (Galatians 3:11). According to Faithlife Study Bible, Galatians 3:11 cites Habakkuk 2:4 to show that justification by faith was always part of God’s plan. Salvation has always come by faith, and Habakkuk 2:4 does not distinguish between Gentiles and Jews in reference to righteousness. Faith is what matters to God, not a person’s ethnicity.

The Law and Faith

Galatians 3:12 (FSB) states that the law is based on doing, not trusting. Paul cites Leviticus 18:5 to show that the law’s function is to provide a way to live obediently under God’s rule. “Therefore the Law has become our tutor to lead us to Christ, so that we may be justified by faith.” (Galatians 3:24).

Observing the Law

Tara Leigh Cobble of The Bible Recap points out that these passages were specifically to Gentile Christians (not those who were Jewish Christians, who had a past with the law). Faithlife Study Bible says about Galatians 4:10 (FSB): “days and months and seasons and years.” The law commanded special observances at various times (e.g., Lev 23:5, 16, 28; 25:4). The Judaizers likely convinced the Galatian believers that keeping the law was compatible with the gospel. According to this commentary, the Judaizers were forcing the Gentiles to observe observe Jewish festivals, Sabbaths, and circumcision as proofs of salvation. By putting themselves “under the law,” they were turning against Paul, the gospel, and ultimately Christ’s work on the cross. However, other scholars believe this passage (Galatians 4:10) referred to astrology or other demonically influenced observances, which makes sense for Paul to rebuke.

Works Motivated by Love

I believe this is different from a person who understands that their salvation is by faith in Christ and, because of their love for Him, is moved by the Spirit to observe Sabbath, Biblical feasts, and even give offerings or “tithes”. These are good “works” motivated by salvation and our love of God and others.

Circumcision and the Law

“And I testify again to every man who receives circumcision, that he is under obligation to keep the whole Law.” (Galatians 5:3). Plenty of men are circumcised; it’s a standard medical procedure. Does that mean he is now under obligation to keep the whole law? No. This passage refers to those becoming circumcised because they believed it was necessary for salvation. If they thought they needed to be circumcised for salvation, they were forgoing Christ’s grace and placing themselves under the whole law, responsible for keeping it perfectly.

Ephesians: Chosen and Predestined?

In Ephesians 1:4-5, there’s a strong emphasis on the concept of being “chosen” from before the foundations of the earth and predestined to “adoption,” which aligns with Calvinistic theology. Ephesians 2:1 further emphasizes our state of being “dead,” implying our inability to choose God on our own, emphasizing the sovereignty of God in the process of salvation. This Calvinist perspective underscores God’s predestined work of electing and reviving us from spiritual death.

Ephesians 2:14-17 shifts the focus to Christ as the agent of peace, uniting both Jews and Gentiles into one body by breaking down the dividing wall. While verse 15 may initially seem to portray the law in a negative light by referring to it as “the enmity” that Christ abolished, it’s essential to understand that the intention is not to vilify the law itself. Rather, the passage highlights Christ’s role in reconciling humanity to God, superseding the law’s function as a barrier between Jews and Gentiles. Without the law, we would not know the contrast between lawlessness and righteousness.

Based on the text of Ephesians 4, it seems like Jesus, who ascended, had also descended down into the Earth. But it doesn’t say hell, which brings to mind conversations based on what I’ve read about the differences between Hades, Sheol, Abraham’s bosom, paradise, and the actual lake of fire: What is the difference between Sheol, Hades, Hell, the lake of fire, Paradise, and Abraham’s bosom?

Ephesians 6 makes it very clear that we are in a spiritual battle and therefore, we must be equipped with truth, righteousness, peace, the word of God, praying at all times and persevering.

Philippians: Living in a Manner Worthy of the Calling

Paul had the ideal outlook, it seems. If we could examine every trial in our lives, and talk about how it was good for furthering the gospel, we’d probably be doing pretty good. Paul also talks about people preaching Christ out of envy, strife, and selfish ambition, yet he calls it good, because the end result is that Christ is being proclaimed. For the third time in my recent recollection, I’m reading the words “manner worthy” Philippians 1:27. We are told to conduct ourselves in a manner worthy, walk in a manner worthy.

Throughout Paul letters, we are told over and over to be of one mind. This was part of Jesus’s message as well, unity among believers. To this very day, we are still split Jews from “Gentile” Protestants, each clinging to our own culture. Protestants are further split into different denominations, over nonessential issues.This is not the way it should be. Philippians 2:12 offers a lot to ponder on. First Paul says that the people he’s addressing have always obeyed. I questioned what they always obeyed? Did they obey Paul, Jesus, the commands? Here’s what the FaithLife Study Bible says: Philippians 2:12 (FSB): you have always obeyed. Obedience is evidence of faith in God. Paul appeals to the entire community to continue to obey, which means adopting the attitude of Christ in their relationships with one another.

We’re also told to “work out your salvation in fear and trembling”. What does this mean? The same commentary says, Philippians 2:12 (FSB): work out, emphasizes that obedience is intentional and purposeful. Paul’s point is that salvation, once received, must be put into practice through obedience. About “fear and trembling”, the commentary says, Philippians 2:12 (FSB): Refers to reverence and awe before God. Philippians 4:8 is one of my absolute favorite reminders of what to think on. It’s the verse I use as a framework for what I share on the Vintage Virtues blog and social media, to help keep me in line.

Colossians: The Supremacy and Sufficiency of Christ

Colossians is a brief but profound letter written by the Apostle Paul to the church in Colossae. The central theme of the letter is the supremacy and sufficiency of Jesus Christ. Paul emphasizes that Jesus is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn over all creation, and the head of the church. He addresses various false teachings that were creeping into the church, urging believers to hold fast to Christ and live in a manner worthy of their calling. The letter also provides practical instructions on Christian living, emphasizing virtues such as compassion, kindness, humility, patience, and forgiveness. While Colossians is a relatively short book of the Bible, it is packed with information relevant to nearly every point in the overall key takeaways list at the end of this article.

Praying for Christian Friends

In Colossians, Paul is speaking to a Christian audience. He really offers the model way to pray for your Christian friends in Colossians 1:9-14. In verses 21-23, we see that God has reconciled us to Himself, as holy and blameless, through the blood of Jesus. Jesus’s blood washes us clean. But there’s a qualifier, an “if” statement: “if indeed you continue in the faith firmly established and steadfast, and not moved away from the hope of the gospel that you have heard, which was proclaimed in all creation under heaven, and of which I, Paul, was made a minister” (Colossians 1:23). He then instructs in Colossians 2 that believers not be deluded by persuasive argument, taken captive by philosophy, and empty deception according to the traditions of men. He instructs that we be rooted in Christ, firmly established in our faith, overflowing with gratitude.

Deity of Jesus and Redemption

I also see confirmation of the Deity of Jesus: “For in Him all the fullness of Deity dwells in bodily form,” and in Him, we are made complete (Colossians 2:9-10). By His authority, our certificate of debt was canceled out. Our sin nature. The law is what even makes us aware of that sin nature. Jesus’s blood was the purchase price that redeemed the debt we owed. He took our debt away and nailed it to the cross. I’ve heard this communicated as, He nailed the law to the cross. But that is not what the text says. It says He nailed the certificate of debt to the cross. That is something we could never pay for, merit, or earn. Having said all this, therefore, no one else can act as our judge regarding new moons, Sabbaths (shadows) of which Christ is the substance. Nor should we let anyone defraud us. The “anyone” referred to in Colossians 2:18-19 is specifically a person that is not connected to the head (non-Christian). As a new creation, we are now dead to the power of sin and we are also part of the body of believers. There are many things that we take off (anger, wrath, abuse…) and in their place, we put on (humility, gentleness, love).

Observing the Law

On a note about the Bible Project video about Colossians, he says that Jesus fulfilled laws, which lacked the power to change hearts. Jesus is the reality to which laws pointed. But the author of the video is referring to all of the laws and included a copy of the 10 Commandments in the depiction. I do not agree with that. Jesus did die to pay the debt we owed. But I do not believe that Jesus died to free us from observing laws, such as honoring our father and mother, not committing murder, not committing adultery, etc. The author of the video then goes on to describe how Jesus died to create a new humanity, one that is no longer bound by sexual immorality and destructive speech but is characterized by mercy, generosity, forgiveness, and love. The thing for me is that, in order to have that new nature, you’re naturally going to obey the 10 Commandments and other laws. As Christians, we do pursue righteousness, not to gain salvation but because of salvation.

1 and 2 Thessalonians: Paul’s Letters of Encouragement

Paul’s letters to the Thessalonians were written with pure motives. He didn’t flatter or say what he thought people wanted to hear, nor did he have a spirit of greed or seek glory. Instead, he demonstrated love, tenderly caring for the flock, with the goals of encouraging, exhorting, and imploring the Thessalonians to “walk in a manner worthy of the God who calls you into His kingdom and glory” (1 Thessalonians 2:12). As a blogger, this really hit close to home.

He reminds them how they are to walk: abstaining from sexual immorality, having self-control, and not sinning against or defrauding a brother. “For God has not called us for the purpose of impurity, but in sanctification” (1 Thessalonians 4:7). “So, he who rejects this is not rejecting man but the God who gives His Holy Spirit to you” (1 Thessalonians 4:8). To reject this is to reject God! That’s a powerful statement.

I also love the encouragement about the coming day of the Lord. We don’t have to fear; we only have to be ready—sober and alert! “For God has not destined us for wrath, but for obtaining salvation through our Lord Jesus Christ” (1 Thessalonians 5:9). On the subject of eschatology, 2 Thessalonians 2, to me, argues against amillennialism or postmillennialism (where Preterism is involved) because regarding the Day of the Lord, the following “Apostasy” and “Man of Lawlessness” (Antichrist) have not occurred. According to the eschatological views of amillennialists or postmillennialists, these things began happening in 70 A.D., Jesus is reigning from heaven, and the millennial kingdom is happening now symbolically. None of that lines up for me and reminds me of the warnings given in this text from Paul: “Let no one in any way deceive you, for it will not come unless the apostasy comes first, and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the son of destruction, who opposes and exalts himself above every so-called god or object of worship, so that he takes his seat in the temple of God, displaying himself as being God” (2 Thessalonians 2:3-4).

The following raises some questions for me: In 2 Thessalonians 3, Paul says: “Now we command you, brethren, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that you keep away from every brother who leads an unruly life and not according to the tradition which you received from us.” “If anyone does not obey our instruction in this letter, take special note of that person and do not associate with him, so that he will be put to shame. Yet do not regard him as an enemy, but admonish him as a brother” (2 Thessalonians 3:6, 14-15). Does this apply to the church today? I don’t see church discipline occurring the same way it did in the early church.

1 and 2 Timothy: Paul’s Pastoral Letters

The books of 1 and 2 Timothy are attributed to the apostle Paul. These “Pastoral” letters are addressed to Timothy, a young church leader and close companion of Paul. In the first letter, Paul provides guidance on church leadership and administration, emphasizing the importance of sound doctrine and personal conduct. The second letter contains further instructions for Timothy, encouraging him to remain steadfast in the face of challenges and to continue his ministry. Both letters offer valuable insights into early Christian beliefs, practices, and organizational structure, making them significant resources for understanding the development of the early Church.

1 Timothy: Paul’s Teachings and Instructions

Addressing False Teachings and Speculations

Paul instructed Timothy to address Hymenaeus and Alexander, who were teaching a strange gospel, causing people to focus on myths, genealogies, and speculation. This should make us pause and consider whether our Bible study sticks to the gospel or drifts into myths (Jewish mysticism, Greek mythology), 23andMe ancestry claims, and other speculations not expanded upon by the Bible. Our discussions should aim to further the administration of God by faith. “But the goal of our instruction is love from a pure heart and a good conscience and a sincere faith” (1 Timothy 1:5). Straying from this leads to fruitless discussion. Paul also discusses how the law is good if used lawfully. The law is not made for a righteous person but for those who are lawless (1 Timothy 1:9).

Modesty in Dress and Conduct

1 Timothy 2:9

This passage is one I’ve been thinking about a lot. It seems taboo to tell a woman in the church any of this now. To me, the passage is clear: women should be dressed in proper clothing, modestly and discreetly, avoiding lavish hairstyles, gold, and costly garments. Yet, the Bible commentary I’m reading seems to tiptoe around it, suggesting it applied only to those women rather than having direct application today. It states: “Because clothing in the ancient world could reflect internal values, Paul called Christian women to dress in a manner that identified them as followers of Christ. In particular, Paul discouraged women from adornment with specific hairstyles, jewelry, and expensive clothing due to the connotations within that cultural context” (FaithLife Study Bible).

Women’s Roles and Church Discipline

Silence and Learning

On women remaining silent and learning in submissiveness and quietness, the FSB commentary states this could have been specific to that particular church and not directed at women in general. The Bible Project video suggests it’s unclear whether Paul is saying that women should never teach or if it’s their usurping authority and teaching false doctrine that’s the issue, not the fact that they’re women. Other women led in some capacity—Phoebe, Junia, and Priscilla. This is an area still under much debate between egalitarian and complementarian views. The SBC has stood firm that the role of pastor (overseer) is designated for men, which I agree with. It can be a gray area when hiring a children’s pastor versus a children’s director. The Bible Project video stated that deacons (servants) could be men or women, but 1 Timothy 3:8 clearly states, “Deacons likewise must be men of dignity,” and verse 12 states, “husbands of only one wife.” This is balanced against Romans 16, where Paul uses the Greek word diakonos, suggesting Phoebe may have held the office of deaconess in the church at Cenchrea.

Teachings on Marriage and Abstinence

1 Timothy 4:3-5

The men that teach against marriage and food sound very much like the priests of the Catholic Church, at least according to what I read online: “1 Timothy 4:3-5 is a passage in the Bible that some commentators interpret as a list of characteristics of the great apostasy that will mislead the church. Here are some of the commentaries: Forbidding marriage—this verse refers to hypocritical priests who pretend that a single life is more favorable to devotion. It also refers to the teaching of those who will depart from the faith, such as the Encratites, Marcionites, and Manicheans, who said that marriage was the invention of evil. Abstaining from meats—this verse refers to the command to abstain from meats and marriage based on the supposed evil of matter. For example, some commentators interpret this verse as a list of characteristics of the great apostasy that will seduce and mislead the church, and that it refers to abstaining from all meats at certain times of the year, such as Lent, and on certain days of the week, such as Wednesdays and Fridays.”

Practical Advice and Instructions

1 Timothy 5:23

Paul tells Timothy he should have a little wine each night for his stomach. Alcohol can be such a divisive issue. On one hand, Timothy is an overseer of those left in his charge; wouldn’t he be prohibited? On the other hand, other scriptures say not to be drunk, not that consuming alcohol itself is a sin. And then we have the case where Jesus turned water into wine. In all cases, freedom should be used carefully concerning others, so as not to cause one to stumble. Paul also told Timothy to address the men who were charging for their teaching. It’s not wrong to earn a living while preaching; it’s that they were doing it in excess, which betrayed the message of Jesus, which is living in simplicity and contentment.

2 Timothy:

A few things stood out to me:

• Family Influence: The faith of Timothy’s grandmother Lois and mother Eunice shaped his faith.
• Perseverance: We are to persevere in our faith as unashamed workmen.
• Avoiding Quarrels: Avoid worldly and empty chatter and refuse foolish and ignorant speculations, knowing they produce quarrels.

One thing I’ve heard in reformed circles, aside from God having an elect-chosen group, is that some vessels (people) are for honor and some for dishonor. That is true according to 2 Timothy 2:20. But what gives me hope is the fact that 2:21 states, “Therefore, if anyone cleanses himself from these things, he will be a vessel for honor, sanctified, useful to the Master, prepared for every good work.” This shows me there is still an element of free will; the person who chooses Christ (cleansing) will be honored, sanctified, and useful to the Master.

With 2 Timothy 3:1-5, it’s easy to identify “those people” in the world. But it’s worth going down the list and asking ourselves:

• Do I have an elevated love of myself, pleasure, and money?
• Have I held to a form of godliness but denied His power?
• Am I conceited, pridefully boasting, or acting arrogantly?
• Do I speak to people in a reviling (insulting) way or maliciously gossip?
• Am I without self-control?

I’m sure I missed some adjectives on the list. But the point is, we should examine ourselves. While we are tasked with the Great Commission (and Jesus hung out with sinners), there was always a call to repentance. This list of characteristics should not define our character, nor that of our friends or those we sit under for teaching. We’re to mark and avoid these types of people (2 Timothy 3:5). Timothy is warned that “evil men and impostors will proceed from bad to worse, deceiving and being deceived (2 Timothy 3:13).”

The Power of Scripture

One of my favorite verses in 2 Timothy is this: “All scripture is inspired by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, for training in righteousness; so that the man of God may be adequate, equipped for every good work”. It reminds me that we’re not to work in silos, to be New Testament Church only – even as Jesus stated, “It is written, ‘Man shall not live on bread alone, but on every word that proceeds out of the mouth of God.’” Matthew 4:4. We’re to be like the Bereans who eagerly received the Word and examined the scriptures daily to see if it was true. This is especially important pertaining to the warning given in 2 Timothy 4 that a time will come when they will not put up with sound doctrine.

Titus: Practical Guidance for Church Leadership

The Book of Titus is a letter written by the Apostle Paul to Titus, a young church leader tasked with overseeing the churches in Crete. This letter provides practical guidance on establishing church leadership, teaching sound doctrine, and promoting good works among believers. Paul emphasizes the importance of living a godly life, characterized by integrity, self-control, and adherence to the truth of the Gospel. The letter also addresses the challenges posed by false teachings and highlights the transformative power of God’s grace in bringing salvation and renewing believers through the Holy Spirit.

Qualifications and Integrity

In Titus 1, we see consistency in the qualifications of the type of man who should be leading and serving the church. Titus 1:14 emphasizes “not paying attention to Jewish myths and commandments of men who turn away from the truth.“ The leaders of the church shouldn’t be swayed by Jewish myths and manmade commandments or by pagan, worldly practices without self-control. Rather, they should represent the new man that God has called us to be: ”For the grace of God has appeared, bringing salvation to all men, instructing us to deny ungodliness and worldly desires and to live sensibly, righteously, and godly in the present age“ (Titus 2:11-12).

Power of God’s Grace

I love this passage: ”He saved us, not on the basis of deeds which we have done in righteousness, but according to His mercy, by the washing of regeneration and renewing by the Holy Spirit, whom He poured out upon us richly through Jesus Christ our Savior, so that being justified by His grace we would be made heirs according to the hope of eternal life“ (Titus 3:5-7).

Avoiding Controversies

We’re further advised to stay away from foolish controversies, debates, arguments, genealogies, and quarrels about the Law. I included synonyms from different versions for this verse, Titus 3:9. The Amplified version digs in, stating, ”But avoid foolish and ill-informed and stupid controversies and genealogies and dissensions and quarrels about the Law, for they are unprofitable and useless. After a first and second warning reject a divisive man [who promotes heresy and causes dissension—ban him from your fellowship and have nothing more to do with him], well aware that such a person is twisted and is sinning; he is convicted and self-condemned [and is gratified by causing confusion among believers]“ (Titus 3:9-11 AMP). If we ever wonder what NOT to do in our conversations among believers, it’s pretty well laid out.

Philemon: Forgiveness & Reconciliation Among Christians

Philemon is the shortest of the letters, consisting of a single chapter. It focuses on the relationship between Philemon, a wealthy Christian, and Onesimus, his slave who ran away, met Paul, and became a Christian. Written by the apostle Paul, the letter appeals to Philemon to forgive and accept Onesimus as a brother in Christ, rather than as a mere slave. This theme of forgiveness and reconciliation is central to the letter and offers valuable insights into Christian ethics and interpersonal relationships. It is broadly useful to Christians in relationships involving power dynamics, such as employer/employee or political representative/constituents. The FaithLife Study Bible commentary states that “Paul addresses the church because the reconciliation he seeks between Philemon and Onesimus will involve the entire community.” Although the letter centers on two individuals, its implications ripple throughout the community.

10 Key Takeaways from Letters from the Apostles:

Reading the New Testament without considering the context of the Old Testament might lead to different interpretations and key takeaways. However, it is crucial to recognize the continuity between the Old and New Testaments, as the Bible tells one cohesive story. The takeaways from the letters of the Apostles provide valuable insights into the early Christian church’s dynamics, challenges, and growth, reflecting the continuity and development of themes found in both the Old Testament and the Gospels. Considering this fuller context, here is a list of 10 key takeaways:

1. The Great Commission: Ministry of Reconciliation: The Great Commission involves the ministry of reconciliation, illustrated in Paul’s letters. In 2 Corinthians 5:18-20, Paul emphasizes this ministry, highlighting the role of believers as ambassadors for Christ. He urges believers to be reconciled to God and to participate in reconciling others to Him. This underscores the importance of sharing the message of reconciliation and extending God’s grace. Similarly, Colossians 1:21-23 focuses on reconciliation to God through Jesus, urging believers to remain steadfast in faith. Paul’s encouragement to Timothy to persevere in ministry despite challenges (2 Timothy 4:1-5) echoes this call to share the message of reconciliation. Additionally, Titus 2:11-12 highlights the grace of God bringing salvation to all, instructing us to live righteously and deny worldly desires.
2. Jesus Christ: Fulfillment of Messianic Prophecies: Romans presents Jesus as the fulfillment of prophecies, offering a comprehensive view of His life, death, and resurrection. Colossians 1:15-20 highlights Jesus as the image of the invisible God and the preeminent one in creation and resurrection, fulfilling messianic prophecies about His supremacy and role in reconciliation. Similarly, 1 Timothy emphasizes Jesus as the mediator between God and humanity, reinforcing His role in fulfilling messianic prophecies and establishing a new covenant through His sacrifice (1 Timothy 2:5-6).
3. The Holy Spirit: Paul emphasizes the diversity of gifts given by the Holy Spirit and their role in edifying the body of Christ. 1 Corinthians 12 provides extensive teachings on spiritual gifts and their proper use within the church, highlighting the importance of these gifts for the benefit of the church community. In 2 Corinthians, Paul notes that God has given us the Spirit as a pledge, indicating the guarantee of God’s promises (2 Corinthians 5:5). He describes God as the “Father of mercies and God of all comfort” who comforts us so that we may comfort others (2 Corinthians 1:3-4). Colossians 1:8 refers to the believers’ love in the Spirit. Paul instructs Timothy to rely on the Holy Spirit for guidance and strength (2 Timothy 1:14) and to hold onto faith and a good conscience (1 Timothy 1:19). Titus 3:5-7 highlights the Spirit’s role in regeneration and renewal, showcasing the transformative work in believers’ lives.
   • Love: The Greatest Gift
     • Love is central to Christian life and a key gift of the Holy Spirit. In 1 Corinthians 13, Paul outlines its characteristics. Romans 5:5 highlights God’s love poured into our hearts through the Holy Spirit. Colossians 3:14 urges putting on love to bind everything together. Paul stresses love from a pure heart in 1 Timothy 1:5, and Titus 3:9 advises avoiding controversies and promoting love and unity.
4. Sin Problem and Repentance: Despite the Old Testament (Torah), Christ’s atonement for sin, and the Holy Spirit’s arrival, people on the fringes of the early church continued to repeat the same sinful patterns. Romans extensively covers the universality of sin, the necessity of salvation, and the transformation through faith in Christ. Colossians 3:5-9 emphasizes the need to put to death sinful behaviors and live a new life in Christ. Paul warns against false teachings and stresses adherence to true doctrine, addressing the universality of sin and the need for transformation (1 Timothy 1:9-11). He calls for personal conduct that reflects repentance, emphasizing a life free from sin and aligned with godly principles (1 Timothy 6:11-12). Similarly, Titus 2:11-12 instructs believers to deny ungodliness and worldly desires.
5. Normative Christian Behaviors:
   • Walking in a manner worthy of God, avoiding sexual immorality, and living with self-control (1 Thessalonians 4:7)
   • Emphasizing love, proper worship practices, and unity within the church community (1 Corinthians 13, 1 Corinthians 10:16-22)
   • Giving cheerfully as a principle for mutual support among believers (2 Corinthians 8-9)
   • Living righteously under grace, being subject to governance, and respecting personal convictions on non-essential practices (Romans)
   • Embodying compassion, kindness, humility, gentleness, patience, and forgiveness (Colossians 3:12-17)
   • Equipping believers with spiritual armor, highlighting the importance of truth, righteousness, peace, the word of God, prayer, and perseverance (Ephesians 6)
   • Unity and forgiveness as central attributes in the context of relationships, despite power dynamics (Philemon)
   • Modeling modesty, quietness, and submission for women (1 Timothy 2:9-12)
   • Pursuing righteousness, godliness, faith, love, perseverance, and gentleness (1 Timothy 6:11)
   • Adhering to the qualifications for church leaders, emphasizing integrity, self-control, and adherence to sound doctrine (1 Timothy 3, Titus 1)
   • Being obedient, ready for good works, gentle, and peaceable, while avoiding foolish controversies and divisive people (Titus 3:1-11)
6. Perspective on Law and Covenant: Despite his Pharisaic background, Paul makes positive statements about the Torah and God’s laws throughout the Book of Acts and his letters. He teaches that the law serves as a guardian and mirror to show human depravity but emphasizes that salvation is by grace through faith, not by works (Ephesians 2:8). The apostles address circumcision and adherence to Mosaic law, affirming salvation through faith in Jesus Christ. However, that liberty is not permission to willfully sin (Galatians 5). Faith, not the law, justifies and saves (Galatians 3:11). Paul argues that the law was a guardian until Christ came, but now that faith has come, believers are no longer under a tutor (Galatians 3:24-25). Paul rebukes those who insist on observing the law for salvation, stressing that adding legalistic requirements distorts the gospel; we are not justified by the law but by faith (Galatians 1:6-9, 2:16, 3:11). Romans explores the role of the law, the new covenant of faith in Jesus Christ, and the balance between law and grace. Although Ephesians 2:15 may seem to portray the law negatively, it actually highlights Christ’s work in superseding the law’s function as a barrier, leading to reconciliation and righteousness. The instruction to “work out your salvation in fear and trembling” in Philippians highlights the intentional and purposeful nature of obedience in the Christian life. This aligns with the concept that salvation, once received, requires ongoing commitment and obedience to God’s commands. Paul asserts that the law is good if used lawfully, meant for the lawless and disobedient, but emphasizes that salvation and righteous living come through faith in Christ (1 Timothy 1:8-11). Titus 1:14 warns against paying attention to Jewish myths and manmade commandments.
7. God’s Holiness and Sovereignty as seen through the Apostle’s Ministry: Paul’s letters to the Thessalonians reveal his pure motives and care for believers, urging them to walk worthy of God (1 Thessalonians 2:12). In 2 Corinthians, Paul demonstrates deep concern for the church, warning against false teachers and highlighting his genuine service (2 Corinthians 11). Paul’s exhortation to Timothy to uphold holiness and purity in ministry (1 Timothy 6:13-14) reflects the call to godly living. Titus emphasizes sound doctrine, holy living, and proper church leadership, stressing the importance of maintaining God’s holiness in ministry. God’s plans and purposes prevail throughout Scripture, demonstrating His sovereignty over the gospel’s spread. Romans 8 and 9 explore themes of predestination, God’s mercy, and His plans for Jews and Gentiles. Colossians 1:16-17 proclaims Jesus’ preeminence and His role in sustaining creation. Ephesians 1:4-5 underscores our election and predestination by God, highlighting His sovereignty in salvation. Titus 2:11-12 and Titus 3:5-7 emphasize God’s sovereign grace in salvation, based not on our works but solely on His mercy.
8. Relevance of Sabbath and Biblical Feasts: Judaizers were compelling Gentiles to observe biblical festivals and Sabbaths as requirements for salvation. By placing themselves “under the law,” they opposed Paul, the gospel, and Christ’s work on the cross. Galatians clarifies that observing these practices is not necessary for salvation. Believers may choose to observe them out of personal conviction, not under compulsion and not as a means of earning salvation. Romans 14 highlights the significance of biblical feasts and Sabbaths. Colossians 2:16-17 instructs believers not to let others judge them concerning religious festivals or Sabbaths, explaining that these are shadows pointing to Christ, the reality. They all point to Christ! Titus 1:14 warns against Jewish myths and man-made commandments, cautioning against confusing these with God’s actual laws. Some equate observing biblical feasts, Sabbaths, and biblically clean eating with legalistic bondage and rejection of God’s grace through Jesus Christ. But, this simply isn’t accurate.
9. Christian Unity: The early church exemplified unity, as seen in the Jerusalem Council’s reconciliation between Jewish and Gentile believers (Acts 15), emphasizing unity in the body of Christ. Galatians affirms this unity by highlighting acceptance before God based on faith, regardless of ethnicity (Galatians 2). Paul encourages the Thessalonians to remain united and prepared for the day of the Lord, stressing sobriety and alertness (1 Thessalonians 5:9). Throughout his letters, Paul consistently exhorts believers to unity in Christ. In 1 Corinthians, he addresses divisions, emphasizing unity in Christ over factionalism (1 Corinthians 1:10-13). In 2 Corinthians, Paul advises against unequally yoking with unbelievers, promoting holiness and unity (2 Corinthians 6:14-18, 7:1). He emphasizes unity among diverse groups in Colossians 3:11, stating, “Here there is not Greek and Jew, circumcised and uncircumcised, barbarian, Scythian, slave, free; but Christ is all, and in all.” Ephesians 2:14-17 underscores Christ’s role in uniting Jews and Gentiles, reconciling humanity to God. Philemon illustrates unity despite power dynamics (Slave/Slave Owner). Paul’s letters to Timothy stress unity through sound doctrine and addressing false teachings (1 Timothy 1:3-7, 2 Timothy 2:23-26). Titus 3:9-11 advises avoiding divisive issues and promoting unity through sound doctrine and godly living, transcending cultural and social divisions.
10. Perseverance in Trials and Tribulations: Paul’s letters to the Thessalonians emphasize perseverance amid trials and tribulations, urging believers to stand firm in faith despite persecution (1 Thessalonians 3:3-4, 2 Thessalonians 1:4). This underscores the importance of resilience and trust in God’s faithfulness. In 1 Corinthians, Paul teaches on endurance in the face of challenges, exemplifying this in his own ministry (1 Corinthians 15:58). Colossians 1:11 prays for believers’ endurance and patience through trials, highlighting perseverance’s role in spiritual growth. Paul also exhorts Timothy to endure hardships and fulfill his ministry faithfully (2 Timothy 4:5), emphasizing perseverance amid adversity.

Conclusion

We’ve now covered the New Testament’s Gospels, Acts of the Apostles, and Letter from the Apsostles. There are 9 books left to cover. The next two installments will cover General Letters, and finally Revelation. Hyperlinks to each article will be included once they are available.